*
) declaration*
form*
→ result*
*
) declaration*
form*
→ result*
let and let* create new variable bindings and execute a series of forms that use these bindings. let performs the bindings in parallel and let* does them sequentially.
The form:
(let ((var1 init-form-1) (var2 init-form-2) ... (varm init-form-m)) declaration1 declaration2 ... declarationp form1 form2 ... formn)
first evaluates the expressions init-form-1, init-form-2, and so on, in that order, saving the resulting values. Then all of the variables varj are bound to the corresponding values; each binding is lexical unless there is a special declaration to the contrary. The expressions formk are then evaluated in order; the values of all but the last are discarded (that is, the body of a let is an implicit progn).
let* is similar to let, but the bindings of variables are performed sequentially rather than in parallel. The expression for the init-form of a var can refer to vars previously bound in the let*.
The form:
(let* ((var1 init-form-1) (var2 init-form-2) ... (varm init-form-m)) declaration1 declaration2 ... declarationp form1 form2 ... formn)
first evaluates the expression init-form-1, then binds the variable var1 to that value; then it evaluates init-form-2 and binds var2, and so on. The expressions varj are then evaluated in order; the values of all but the last are discarded (that is, the body of let* is an implicit progn).
For both let and let*, if there is not an init-form associated with a var, var is initialized to nil.
The special form let has the property that the scope of the name binding does not include any initial value form. For let*, a variable's scope also includes the remaining initial value forms for subsequent variable bindings.
(defparameter *a* 'top)
→*A*
(defun dummy-function () *a*)
→DUMMY-FUNCTION
(let ((*a* 'inside) (b *a*)) (format nil "~S ~S ~S" *a* b (dummy-function)))
→"INSIDE TOP TOP"
(let* ((*a* 'inside) (b *a*)) (format nil "~S ~S ~S" *a* b (dummy-function)))
→"INSIDE INSIDE TOP"
(let ((*a* 'inside) (b *a*)) (declare (special *a*)) (format nil "~S ~S ~S" *a* b (dummy-function)))
→"INSIDE TOP INSIDE"
The example below is incorrect; although x
is indeed set before it is used, and is set to a value of the declared type integer, nevertheless x
initially takes on the value nil in violation of the type declaration.
None.
None.
None.
\issue{DECLS-AND-DOC} \issue{VARIABLE-LIST-ASYMMETRY:SYMMETRIZE} \issue{KMP-COMMENTS-ON-SANDRA-COMMENTS:X3J13-MAR-92} \issue{KMP-COMMENTS-ON-SANDRA-COMMENTS:X3J13-MAR-92}